Recovery: The Key to Improvement

I am sure the majority of distance runners have read a ton of articles about how important recovery is when trying to improve performance. Well, unfortunately many runners learn the hard way when they get injured about how sticking to a recovery routine is absolutely necessary if you want to keep running for a LONG time. I usually say my routine is pretty basic, but in reality, it is actually NOT basic at all. I find myself adding in so many components whenever I do my own research, follow someone who is including some random tactic I have never thought of, or simply when I find myself more tired than usual and realize I need to take a step back. Here are my go-to components I include on a regular basis to keep me injury free and ready for my next workout.

·     Diet: For recovery, the focus is usually on that very important post-workout meal; and while that is definitely essential, I believe your diet in general plays a significant role. I got into macro counting a while back and found it to be the best way to eat as an athlete, since it focused on the right mix of carbs, protein, and fats. It was a bit too time-consuming for me, so I no longer count my macros every day, but I do make sure I eat all three (carbs, protein, and fat) in EVERY MEAL. From the protein bars I buy to my restaurant choices, I am conscious about including each macro. This is how I stay satisfied all day! Each of these nutrients play different roles in recovery (more on this in another post), so making sure to be properly fueled with each is vital! 

·     Sleep & regular “down-time”: While I am definitely not the best sleeper (I am lucky if I can ever reach 7 hours of sleep any night), I do my best to avoid any stressors at night and get to bed early. I also incorporate “down-time” during most of my days where my legs can rest. Getting enough sleep is more important for those of you who have physical jobs that require you to be on your feet all day. Thankfully I work from home for the most part and get enough time to relax…BUT too much of this is not good either! There are days I end up sitting, working on the computer for hours without standing and it actually makes my next day’s run much harder than if I were on my feet all day!

·     Compression: Ever since I won my Normatec Recovery System on a social media giveaway, I have been a true fan! I did some research on the benefits of compression for recovery and learned how valuable this can be for athletes. The outcomes are different for everyone I assume, but since using my boots most days of the week, my legs feel much looser in general, I never get my plantar fasciitis pain (and this was a big issue for me!), and my evening runs are much more tolerable. 

·     Supplements: Although there is no scientific proof that many supplements out there actually work, I have a handful of products I believe have helped me recover faster and feel healthier overall. I take glutamine after every run. This amino acid is usually decreased in the body after any physical or emotional stress (think high intensity workouts, illness, etc.), and plays a role in immune function. Many endurance athletes are more susceptible to catching a cold, and I do not want to deal with one (who has time for that?!), so I do what I can to keep my immune system strong. I also add beetroot powder to my smoothies most days, since it is known to help with stamina and endurance, but it also has loads of antioxidants and other vitamins and minerals that are healthy for the body. Cherry juice has also been a staple in my diet—either in my smoothies or alone at some point during the day. Tart cherries have anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce soreness and other pain. They are also a natural source of melatonin, which aids in improved sleep quality.

These habits took a while for me to stay consistent with (I am still working on the sleep one!). Besides these components, I also get a massage every few weeks and stretch every day. I have spent a good amount of time on researching about recovery for myself and my clients, so I’ve incorporated more into my routine over the years. My best advice for my athletes is to always listen to your body. Running and training for distance races should not make you exhausted. If it does, then you are definitely missing a component to your recovery routine. Take a step back, switch out running for another easy cross-training activity, and get some rest. It is always best to take a few days off than to deal with an injury.

How "Running with Purpose" Helps You Stay on Track

Most avid runners have probably been asked the question “why do you run?” and have most likely answered something along the lines of “because it makes me feel good” or “I’m training for a race”. These are both very good reasons to run in general as part of your exercise routine, but having a purpose for each and every run you do is one of the most influencing ways to reap the rewards from the sport. The phrase “running with a purpose” means much more than most people think. It does not just mean to run for the purpose to reach a goal finish time or run for a charitable cause. Running with purpose simply means to work towards a specific outcome at each and every run.

Whether it be an easy run, speed session, or long run workout, everyone should stay focused on their purpose for each. While warming up before every workout, you should ask yourself what the purpose of the run is. If you have one, it should be something that is included in your run log as well. This is a topic that should also be spoken about with your coach so you can get the most out of your planned training sessions. Once you make it a habit to have a purpose for each run, you will find running much more fulfilling and goals more attainable than ever before.

Easy Days

Many refer to easy runs as “junk miles”. This term sounds a bit negative, which is not what your easy runs are about. Although you are not trying to hit specific paces on the easy days, it does not mean they are meaningless or have less value than your other scheduled workouts. Easy runs are an important part of training because they help flush out toxins in the body from the hard sessions and keep your blood circulating, which is incredibly useful for limiting soreness and stiffness. Since easy runs should be performed at a comfortable recovery pace, it should be the least stressful run where you do not have to be constantly checking your watch for your split times. This means you can focus on other factors that require attention and will make you a more efficient runner.

Easy runs are a good time to focus on form including posture and cadence, among other mechanics. This is probably the most useful purpose to have during these recovery runs. You can dedicate each mile to a different focus, alternating between working on taking quick steps while keeping your feet under you, keeping an upright posture while incorporating a forward lean, relaxing the shoulders and keeping the arms close to the body, and driving the toes up and concentrating on foot strike. These are just some examples of purposes you can have for easy runs. Another great purpose for one of your recovery runs is controlling heart rate, which can be done by working on a more relaxed running form and proper breathing.

Speed and Tempo Sessions

Heading out for a speed workout means you are about to enter into an intimidation zone. Speed workouts call for hitting intervals at specific paces, which can get a bit scary for some. The paces that should be prescribed are ones that are actually challenging for you. After all, if your goal is to beat your current PR at a race, it requires you to train to reach faster paces. Your purpose for these sessions is not only to hit your paces as prescribed but to work on your mental game as well. Distance running, such as racing half and full marathons require a strong mind as running on tired legs late in the race can seem physically impossible. During speed workouts, it is helpful to practice envisioning the faster paces as “easy” paces. Work on proper form, relaxed shoulders, and controlled breathing during these paces, and you will find that they will not seem so hard after all come race day.

Tempo runs are a great time to focus on pacing, meaning running as close to your prescribed paces as possible. At the beginning stages of training, you can set the purpose of these tempo runs as trying to stay plus or minus three to five seconds from goal pace for a segment of the workout, versus the entire time, and then work up from there.

Non-Running Purpose Runs

Some runners may think it’s a waste of precious running time to focus on something other than the run itself when you’re out there. Well, it happens to be almost the perfect time to get “out of your mind” and into the environment around you. I find it useful to use some portion of my easy and long runs to plan the day ahead—my work schedule, chores, and get my mind prepped for the rest of the day. Since I am already starting my days productively with a run, I definitely want to keep it going! I also plan out routes that I can enjoy the scenery, whether it be other people being active, or just nature! You can also make it a purpose to think about what you’re grateful for. 

You will find that running with a purpose tends to be easier to do on the hard workout days since there are already specific goals for those runs, to begin with. Practicing finding purpose on every run, though, will truly excite your passion for running. This is important because many runners get burned out during long training cycles and have a hard time staying on track towards reaching their ultimate goals for races and health in general. Even if you are not a marathoner, and are just running for fun and to get in shape, finding a purpose for every workout you do is just as important and will help you stick to your exercise routine as well.

A Long Run Shoe You Can Count On – The Under Armour HOVR Sonic 3

Sponsored by Zappos. All opinions are my own.

If there is one thing I look for in a long run shoe besides cushioning, it’s flexibility. Nothing feels worse on runs over an hour than a stiff shoe. It leaves me with sore feet for days! Since I am prone to plantar fasciitis and have had a history of several foot and ankle injuries, I have to be a little picky about my running shoes. Most runners should be anyway, especially if they plan on training for a half or full marathon. After all our feet carry our entire bodyweight during any standing activity, so if you don’t take good care of them with supportive shoes, you will risk injuring another area in the body on top of limiting your performance.

I am happy I was able to get my hands on a pair of Under Armour HOVR Sonic 3 from Zappos. With their incredible selection of products, it’s always hard to choose just one pair, but this time I was in search of a good long running shoe and the Sonic 3 sounded perfect! As a Zappos rewards member I get free expedited shipping, so my shoes arrived the very next day after placing my order! Another great perk of the rewards member program besides the excellent customer service and speedy shipping, is the 365-day free return policy. If you haven’t joined yet, you are missing out!

Energy Saving

One of the key factors every runner tries to improve for distance running is endurance. It’s all about the way we teach our bodies to store energy and stay strong in order to last as long as possible. Shoes can have this ability, too, just in a different way. The lightweight technology of the Under Armour HOVR Sonic 3 helps transform the energy we put into our steps into energy released by the shoe for a more powerful and efficient stride. For a while, I made the mistake of wearing the wrong shoes for my long runs—shoes that felt light, yet stiff, and definitely not responsive at all. Switching to the Sonic 3 immediately made this energy-saving feature obvious from the start.

As usual, I took my brand new pair out on my regular Sunday short, easy run to test them out. They really didn’t need much ‘breaking in’, and I was surprised at how flexible they felt since I thought the heel counter would make the shoe feel a bit stiff. The heel counter is a great addition to the shoe for me, personally, because it keeps my foot in place. I tend to get annoyed when my shoes get loose during my runs, and this feature made sure to avoid that problem!

Lasting Comfort

As for long runs, this shoe does exceptionally well. First off, the materials are ideal for the intense heat and humidity I run through every day. The upper not only keeps my feet dry, but it provides a compression-like fit, which hugs my foot throughout my entire run—in the lightest way possible! It’s hard finding a shoe that not only feels light for high mileage, but also cushioned enough to keep my feet from getting sore in the days following. The Under Armor HOVR Sonic 3 is the perfect combination of these two features!

Running Tips Straight from the Gait

We rely heavily on the data from our running watches—cadence, pace, heart rate, etc. It’s a never-ending list that can get overwhelming when trying to improve our performance. What if I told you that your shoes can provide you with this information directly? Yes! The HOVR Sonic 3 are one of Under Armour’s connected gear that you can pair to your Map My Run App to get all of the insights of your gait pattern during different runs. The technology provides you with tips in real-time—like DURING your run, to help you correct faulty patterns that can lead to injuries. I’m constantly trying to work to improve my performance as a runner, so I’m excited to have this feature available to me!

The Under Armour HOVR Sonic 3 is officially part of my long run rotation, with its flexible upper, cushioned and compressive fit, and lightweight materials. I highly recommend this pair if you are looking for a light, neutral shoe for daily runs. Zappos has you covered with 5 sleek color options and super fast shipping when you sign up for the rewards membership! You’ll be sure to find any shoes or gear you are looking for when you shop!

Periodization Training is Smarter Training

When researching for marathon training plans, you have probably come across the term “periodization”. Basically, the idea behind this training approach is breaking up a training cycle into blocks of about four to eight weeks in length that serve different purposes. It is tough to work on achieving all goals to be marathon-ready all at once, so periodization training has a focus on working on one or two goals at a time. This is most definitely a more realistic training plan for someone who either has limited time to begin with or has several months before their next race. Even elite and professional runners train this way year round. It not only keeps us sane and less stressed working on one thing at a time but also decreases the risk of injuries and burnout.

Periodization Phases

Base

The first phase of periodization training focuses on building endurance, which is the foundation of any long distance running. This is the phase that builds up mileage using gradually increasing easy runs with only a few short speedier runs mixed throughout. The speed work during the base phase should include of 10 to 20 sets of 20 to 30-second strides at the end of a few easy runs each week. Strides are useful for working on proper running form and to prepare the body for faster running. Each set should be a gradual pick-up in speed to a controlled fast pace while working on increasing your stride length. Performing strides on grass decreases the impact on the body.

Another addition of speed work during the second half of the base phase is the inclusion of mini tempo runs. Pick one easy run per week to include 15 minutes of running at around half marathon pace. This will begin introducing faster paced running so that the next phase of your training cycle will not be too shocking. Weekly long runs are the cornerstone of phase one and should always be done at conversational pace and build up to about 15 to 16 miles in length. Two to three days per week of weight training should also be included in this phase to build strength in important muscle groups such as the legs and core. Since the base phase is the easiest on the body, it can be anywhere from four to eight or more weeks in length.

Strength

The second phase of periodization training focuses on building strength and speed with the inclusion of more specific speed workouts and hill sessions while maintaining mileage and weight training. In this phase, two easy runs per week will turn into two different speed sessions. The first speed session should be an increasing tempo run. Start with 15 minutes of your run at half marathon pace or slightly faster the first week and increase by 5 to 10 minutes each week until you are running 60 minutes at tempo pace. These workouts will help build strength in connective tissue and build muscle endurance to be able to get comfortable with running at your goal pace.

The second speed session can be alternated between shorter, faster repeats and hill workouts. Running on a track works best, but any uninterrupted road will do. After warming up for two to three miles, run intervals such as 4 to 8 repeats of between 1000 to 1600 meters at 5k to 10k race pace with short recovery periods of 1 to 2 minutes in between. Cool down for one or two miles. Every other week can include hill repeats of both uphill and downhill running at half marathon pace. Begin with four sets and build to eight to ten repeats by the end of the phase. Hill workouts are an excellent lower impact way to build strength and speed. Phase two will last about eight weeks in length.

Peak

The peak phase of periodization training is basically where your highest mileage and hardest workouts land. This is where you build confidence and tax your body the most while continuing to build fitness. With proper periodization, you should feel comfortable running at your goal pace for several miles during peak month. Continue with two speed workouts each week—one longer tempo run and shorter, faster repeats. Your track session will include double the repeats you were doing in the strength phase with distances ranging from 200 to 800 meters at 5k pace with one or two recovery minutes in between, for example. Form drills and strides should not be neglected during this phase, as it is a time to practice maintaining proper mechanics when fatigued.

Following the peak phase is two weeks of tapering right before your race. After this tough month of your hardest training, your body will beg for the taper weeks. Many runners usually dread these couple of weeks before a race because they feel they are losing fitness with the scaling back of volume and intensity. With proper phasing in training, you can push your limits during the peak phase and enjoy your taper, as you should. It is a time to let your body recover and focus on good nutrition and sleep to gather energy for race day. Periodization is a useful method to plan your training as it helps to gradually adjust your body to higher intensity and faster paces with a lower risk of overtraining or injuries. You are less likely to experience any setbacks during training using these cycles.

Sources

Trent Stellingwerff, Case Study: Nutrition and Training Periodization in Three Elite Marathon Runners, Journal, July 22, 2020.

Feeling Sore Days After an Intense Workout? It's Probably DOMS. Here's How To Beat It

Soreness can be a sign of a good workout, but not all soreness is a good thing. When you first begin an exercise program or get back into it after a long break, experiencing a bit of muscle pain later that day or the next is normal. This specific pain should not be so uncomfortable that it limits being able to move around as usual and should subside within a day or so. If the soreness causes you to not be able to lift your arms or go downstairs without severe pain, and lasts longer than two days, your workout may have caused delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS for short).

Causes and Symptoms

Typically, delayed onset muscle soreness begins within 8 to 12 hours after intense exercise and peaks to its worst symptoms at 24 to 48 hours. The pain from DOMS subsides by around 72 hours, but may last longer for some individuals. This pain is normally felt with active movement and stretching the muscles. Along with muscle pain, other symptoms that come along with DOMS are a temporary loss in muscle strength, decreased range of motion, and possibly swelling in the muscles involved in the exercise. The sore muscles may feel as if “bruised” when touched with light pressure. This combination of symptoms may even last up to 10 to 14 days in severe cases.

What exactly is the “intense exercise” that can causes DOMS? Studies show that the usual type of exercise that causes this condition is eccentric movements, which is when the muscles lengthen during the contraction (think: the movement on the way down from performing a bicep curl). Although this is the most common exercise to cause DOMS, many other forms of workouts can lead to this intense soreness, such as running downhill, high intensity sprinting or plyometrics, and heavy weight lifting. Most of the time, this condition arises after performing new exercises at too high of an intensity that the body is not used to.

What Exactly is DOMS?

In the past, it was believed that delayed onset muscle soreness was the result of the so-called lactic acid buildup in the muscles during exercise. This buildup occurs during any exercise, but returns to normal levels as soon as an hour after the completion of the workout. Therefore, DOMS is not related to the lactic acid accumulation in muscle that occurs during physical activity. Unaccustomed eccentric exercises cause damage beginning at the muscle’s cell membrane, which results in inflammation that expands out to the entire muscle and surrounding areas, creating metabolic waste. This waste product stimulates the nerves surrounding the muscles causing pain. Keep in mind this type of damage occurs with certain forms of exercise as explained above, not with all exercise as with the regular lactic acid buildup.

Treatment

Although the first line of defense used when feeling this kind if pain is to take an anti-inflammatory pill, it may not be the best option. This route may help ease symptoms in most cases, but is shown to have the unattractive side effects of stomach issues and can eventually lead to poor healing capabilities in the future. The best initial treatment options are rest and ice—which is a safe, natural anti-inflammatory agent. Another go-to pain reliever sought out by most athletes is massage. Gentle massage helps ease DOMS pain, swelling and tightness in most individuals, reducing the severity and duration of symptoms. Massage has been shown to help decrease the compound in our muscles that causes inflammation. Deep tissue massage that is typically used by athletes for tight muscles is not advised for this condition due to the intense pressure that may exacerbate the pain.

Another helpful treatment option is light exercise such as cycling, pool exercises, and gentle stretching. These approaches will help maintain good circulation and keep the muscles warm to be more prepared for the addition of intense exercise once the DOMS has subsided. Intense exercise, especially the type of workout that initially caused the pain, should be avoided, as one of the symptoms of DOMS is a temporary muscle weakness. This decrease in strength causes delayed shock absorption, which can lead to injuries such as a muscle strain or tear.

Prevention

Performing a proper warm-up before any exercise is the first thing that should be done to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness. A warm-up, as in its name, basically increases the temperature of muscle, which improves its elasticity, making it more resilient to tearing. The effects of a proper warm-up lead to improved muscle contractions and better performance during the workout. Research states that warming up for an eccentric-type workout with concentric moves is effective in helping prevent DOMS. A good warm-up for running consists of more dynamic moves such as walking lunges, legs swings, and military marches. Static stretches, where you hold a fixed position for several seconds is not recommended, as this will cause muscles to elongate and remain in a more relaxed state. Save these for after your run.

If you are beginning a running or exercise program for the first time or after a long break, it is advisable to gradually ease into the intensity and make sure to include that warm-up. It is important to note the difference between DOMS and other causes of muscle pain. If you are experiencing pain during a specific exercise, it is most likely due to improper form, a muscle strain, or other injury. DOMS symptoms occur between 8 and 12 hours after the completion of exercise. You are able to perform lower intensity exercises with DOMS without continued muscle damage, whereas with a muscle strain, further exercise will continue to impair the muscle.

DOMS is not necessarily a bad condition since it involves a natural effect of new exercise, but it should be avoided when possible as it prevents any higher intensity exercise to be performed for several days or weeks. If you want to go “all-out” during your track day with brand new sprint intervals that you have never done, and you develop DOMS, expect to not be able to get your long run done even if it is a couple of days after the track workout. A good rule of thumb when increasing intensity of your workout program is to increase sets, reps, resistance, or mileage by only 10% or less each week. This is the safest way to help prevent the unwanted limitations of DOMS.

Sources

Miles MP, Clarkson PM, Exercise-induced Muscle Pain, Soreness, and Cramps, Journal, May 6, 2020.

Connolly D, Sayers SP, McHugh MP,Treatment and Prevention of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Journal, May 6, 2020.

Zainab Zainuddin, Mike Newton, Paul Sacco, Kazunori Nosaka, Effects of Massage on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness, Swelling, and Recovery of Muscle Function, Journal, May 6, 2020.